The smooth functioning of an electrical system is ensured by several different components like instrument transformers, circuit breakers, etc. However, a power transformer is the most important and expensive part of any electrical system. Therefore, all the elements of an electrical system carry the responsibility of protecting the power transformer by safeguarding it in every possible way. Therefore, installing high-quality protection for systems that deliver optimal transformer protection against internal failures and external threats is essential.
Let us begin by understanding the basic definitions of transformer protection systems and power transformers. A power transformer is an electromagnet, static device responsible for transferring energy from one circuit to another without varying frequency with the help of inductive coupling. Depending upon their application, purpose, and production, transformers can be classified into different types, for example, step-up and step-down transformers, single-phase and three-phase transformers, electrical transformers, distribution transformers, outdoor and indoor transformers, and more.
Since a power transformer is responsible for regulating the voltage levels, it must be safeguarded with reliable transformer protection equipment that ensures no overloading, surge lighting, short circuit faults, open circuit faults, etc. Here are some commonly used transformer protection types that are used in an electrical transmission system:
- Overload protection
- Over fluctuation protection
- Over-current protection
- Transformer feeder protection
- Differential protection of winding transformers
Differential relays, also known as electric relays, facilitate relentless stability and security to power transformers. Basically, they are electromechanical switches, i.e., electromagnetically controlled electrical switches that are suitable for multiple applications across high-voltage and medium-voltage protection. In addition, electric relays also guarantee smooth communication and interoperability across both HV and MV power networks by using a small current to switch to a larger current to ensure that both circuits are electrically isolated from one another.
Electrical relays can be found in various types and sizes based on the electrical encryption of various technologies; nevertheless, each of them uses the same fundamental concept. All types of relays can be classified into three broad categories: AC vs. DC relays, attraction type electromagnet relays, and induction type relays. Let’s try to understand the qualities and functionalities of these electrical relays:
- AC vs. DC relays: Even though both these relays work on the same principle as electromagnet induction, they are built differently depending on the application for which they are needed. AC relays use laminated core to prevent eddy current losses, and DC relays are used to de-energize the coil.
- Attraction type electromagnet relays: These relays work well with both AC and DC supply; they attract a piece of metal or a metal bar when power is supplied to the coil. Additionally, attraction type relays ensure no time delays, making them a perfect fit to be used for instant operations.
- Induction type relays: These are compatible with DC systems and can be used as protective relays in AC systems. According to the structure of induction relays, they can be classified as induction cup, double winding, and shade pole.
It is a good idea to thoroughly research before investing in a transformer protection system. People often make the grave mistake of overlooking the importance of the installation process before purchasing electrical devices. You can purchase the most expensive electrical products, but if they are not installed in the correct way, it can invite several external threats that can lead to hazardous situations. Collaborate with leading electrical service providers who carry adequate knowledge about power transformers and protection for power systems.
A team of expert professionals who are effectively trained in dealing with heavy machinery and equipment understands the consequences of unskilful appliance installation. Hence, they are always prepared with the right tools and instruments to ensure that transformer protection systems are installed in the most secure and safe way.
